Basic Concepts:

Microscopic & macroscopic point of view. Thermodynamic system and control volume. Thermodynamic properties, processes and cycles, Thermodynamic equilibrium. Quasi-static process, pure substance, vapour-liquid-sol id phase in a pure substance, p-v-t surface, critical and triple point of pure substance.

First law of Thermodynamics:

First law for a closed system undergoing a cycle and change of state, Energy-A property of the system, Perpetual motion machine of the first kind, steady flow energy equation applied to nozzle, diffuser, boiler, turbine, compressor, pump, heatexchangerthrottling process and filling and emptying process.

Second law of thermodynamics & Entropy:

Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence, Perpetual motion machine of the second kind, cannot cycle, carnot's theorem, corollary of carnot theorem, thermodynamic temperature scale. Clausius theorem, the property of entropy, inequality of Clausius, entropy change in a open system, reversible and irreversible process, principle of increase of entropy, Third law of thermodynamics, Entropy and disorder, concept of exergy.

Availability, Irreversibility & Thermodynamic Relations:

Available and unavailable energy, available energy referred to a cycle, availability in  non-flow and steady flow systems,  reversibility  and irreversibility. Maxwell's equation, T-ds equations, difference in heat capacities, ratio of heat capacities, Helnvholtz and Gibbs function, Internal energy relations, Clausius- Claperyon equation, Joule-Thorn son  co­efficient.

Vapour & Gas Power cycles:

Carnot cycle, Rankine cycle, comparison of carnot and rankine cycle, modified rankine cycle, calculation of cycle efficiencies, variables affecting efficiency of rankine cycle. Carnot, Otto, dies el, dual, at kin son and bray ton cycle. Comparison of otto, diesel and dual cycles, calculation of air standard efficiencies, mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiencies, relative efficiencies of I.C. engine.

Combustion of fuels:

Combustion of air, combustion equations, minimum air requirement, excess air and air fuel ratio, wet and dry analysis of products of combustion, conversion of volumetric analysis by mass, Determination of calorific value of fuel by Bomb calorimeter and Junkers gas calorimeter, Enthalpy of formation, Enthalpy of reaction, Adiabatic flame temperature.

Properties of gases and Mixtures:

Avogadro's. law, equation of state, ideal gas equation, Vander Waal's equation, reduced properties, law of corresponding states, compressibility chart. Gibbs-Dalton law, volumetric analysis of gas mixture, apparent molecular weight and gas constant, specific heat of a gas mixture, adiabatic mixing of perfect gases, gas and vapour mixtures.

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Course content

1.

Introduction to Metrology:

Meaning,   Necessity   and   Objectives   of   Metrology;   Standards   of Measurement; Elements of Measuring System; Methods of Measurement; Precision and Accuracy; Sources of Errors; Selection and Care of instruments; Standardizing organizations.

2.

Linear Measurements:

Introduction & classification of Linear Measuring Instruments; Least count; Engineer's Steel  rule; Callipers; Vernier Calliper: working principle, construction, types & precautions to be taken; Vernier Height Gauge; Vernier Depth Gauge, Micrometers: principle, construction, Sources of errors and precautions to be taken, types of micrometers, Miscellaneous linear measuring instruments like bore   gauge, telescopic gauge, slip gauges, Dial indicators: construction & working; comparators; calibration of various   linear  measuring   instruments; Applications,  Advantages   & Limitations of commonly used linear measuring instruments.

3.

Angular and Taper Measurements:

Introduction; Working principle &. construction of Angular Measuring instruments like Protractors, Sine bars, Sine centre, Angle gauges, Spirit level, Clinometers, angle dekkor; Applications, Advantages & limitations of commonly   used   angular  measuring   instruments;  Taper   Measuring instruments: Measurement of taper shafts & holes.

4,

Screw Thread Measurements:

Introduction & classification of Threads; Elements, Specification & forms of Screw Threads; Various Methods for measuring elements of External & Internal Screw Thread; Screw Thread Gauges; Errors in Threads.

5.

Gear Measurements:

Introduction & Classification of gears; Forms of gear teeth; Gear tooth terminology; Measurement and testing of spur gear: Various methods of measuring tooth thickness, tooth profile & pitch; Gear Errors.

     6.

Measurement of Surface Finish:

Introduction; Surface Texture; Methods of Measuring Surface finish-Comparison Methods & Direct Instrument Measurement; Sample Length; Numerical Evaluation of Surface Texture; Indication of Surface roughness Symbols used; Adverse effects of poor surface finish.

7.

Straigfitness, Flatness, Square ness, Parallelism and Machine Tool Tests:

Introduction; Measurement of Straightness, Flatness, Square ness and Parallelism;   run   out   and   concentricity;   tool   makers   microscope; Interferornetry & its use in checking flatness, surface contour, parallelism etc.; Interferometers & optical flats; Introduction to Machine tool testing; Various Alignment test on lathe, Milling Machine, Drilling Machine etc.

8.

Basic Concepts of Measurements:

Introduction, Measurement and it's aim; Generalized Measurement system; Performance Characteristics -static & dynamic    characteristics    of instruments, types of measurement system , Transducers,  Instrumental error & its analysis.

9.

Temperature Measurement:

Introduction;   Temperature   and   Temperature   Scales;   Methods   of temperature   Measurement;   Expansion  thermometers;   Filled   System thermometers; Electrical temperature measuring instrument; Pyrometers; Calibration of temperature measuring instruments.

10.

Pressure Measurement:

Introduction; Pressure standards and methods of pressure measurement; Manometers; Elastic pressure transducers; Measurement of Vacuum; Force balance pressure gauges; Electrical pressure transducers; pressure switches; Calibration of pressure measuring instruments, Maintenance and repair of pressure measuring instrument; Trouble shooting.

11.

Miscellaneous measurement: Measurement of force, torque, power, displacement, velocity, acceleration, speed, frequency.

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Course content

1.

Introduction to Energy Sources:

Renewable and non-renewable energy sources, energy consumption as a measure of Nation's development; strategy for meeting the future energy requirements Global and National scenarios. Prospects of renewable energy sources.

2,

Solar Energy :

Solar radiation - beam and diffuse radiation, solar constant, earth sun angles, attenuation and measurement of solar radiation, local solar time, derived solar angles, sunrise, sunset and day length, flat plate collectors, concentrating collectors, Solar air heaters-types, solar driers, storage of solar energy-thermal storage, solar pond , solar water heaters, solar distillation, solar still, solar cooker, solar heating & cooling of buildings, photo voltaics - solar cells & its applications.

3.

Wind Energy :

Principle of wind energy conversion; Basic components of wind energy conversion systems; wind mill components, various types and their constructional features; design considerations of horizontal and vertical axis wind machines: analysis of aerodynamic forces acting on wind mill blades and estimation of power output; wind data and site selection considerations.

4.

Energy from Biomass:

Biomass conversion technologies, Biogas generation plants, classification, advantages and disadvantages, constructional details, site selection, digester design consideration, filling a digester for starting, maintaining biogas production, Fuel properties of bio gas, utilization of biogas.

5.

Geothermal Energy:

Estimation and nature of geothermal energy, geothermal sources and resources like hydrothermal, geo-pressured hot dry rock, magma, advantages, disadvantages and application of geothermal energy, prospects of geothermal energy in India

6.

Energy from the ocean:

Ocean Thermal Electric Conversion (OTEC) systems like open cycle, closed cycle, Hybrid cycle, prospects of OTEC in India. Energy from tides, basic principle of tidal power, single basin and double basin tidal power plants, advantages, limitation and scope of tidal energy.Wave energy and power from wave, wave energy conversion devices, advantages and disadvantages of wave energy.

7.

Magneto Hydro Dynamic ( MHD) Power Generation :

Principle of MHD power generation. MHD system, Design problems and developments, gas conductivity, materials for MHD generators and future prospects.

8.

Fuel Cells:

Introduction, Design principle and operation of fuel cell, Types of fuel cells, conversion efficiency of fuel cell, application of fuel cells.

9.

Hydrogen Energy:

Introduction,   Hydrogen   Production   methods,   Hydrogen   storage, hydrogen transportation, utilization of hydrogen gas, hydrogen as alternative fuel forvehicles.

10.

Energy Management:

Energy economics, energy conservation, energy audit, general concept of total energy system, scope of alternative energy system in India. Term work is based on above mentioned syllabus