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INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
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NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERCITY
MASTER OF SCIENCE PART- 1
Industrial Chemistry
Syllabus
For
Theory and practical
(In Force From June 2002)
Unit - I :- Fluid flow operations.
Transport phenomena, Dimentional analysis-dimentionless groups. Fluid Statics and fluid dynamics. Compressible
fluids and noncompressible fluids, velocity field, Laminar flow, turbulant flow, velocity grandient and rate of shear, Newtonian
and non-Newtonian fluids, boundary layer concept. Variable head meters - venturi meter and orifice meter. V-notch for open
channel. Centrifugal pumps-characteristics and efficiency, precautions against vapour locking, NPSH. Bernoulli’s equation
without friction. Calculations of pressure drop, friction losses in pipe and fittings.
Unit - II :- Heat transfer.
Steady state conduction - heat flow through spheres, heat flow through compound resistance in series. Calculations
of over all heat transfer co-efficient. Unsteady state conduction in slab. Convection - forced convection, natural convection.
Radiation -fundamental facts concerning radiation. Heat transfer with phase change - dropwise and film type condensation.
Heat transfer equipment with special emphasis on process design of heat exchanger and jacketed vessels, compact
exchangers (flat and spiral) extended surfaces.
Unit - III :- Mass transfer.
Diffusion :- molecular diffusion. Fick’s law of diffusion Diffusion in gases, Distilation :- Construction and working of
distillation column (sieve - tray tower, bubble cap tray tower & packed tower). Calculations for plate efficiency. Short path
distillation, pinch distillation, reactive distillation, molecular distillation. Drying - Rate of batch drying with drying curves,
calculations for driers. Hold-up in driers. Leaching. Liquid-liquid extraction - Calculations upto finding number of stages of
extraction, supercritical extraction. Membrane separation processes - Membrane and membrane permeation, permeation of
liquid and gases, separation processes and equipments, dialysis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration. Absorption - Material
balance in counter current flow for one component transfer, minimum liquid-gas ratio for absorbers, pressure swing absorption.
Unit - IV :- Mechanical operations :
Particulate solids, characterisation of solid particles, particle shape, particle size, size analysis - screen analysis.
Sedimetation :- Batch sedimentation, rate of sedimentation, equipments for sedimentation - thickeners.
Centrifugation :- Centrifugal settling processes, cyclone, hydrocyclones, centrifugal decanters, tubular centrifuge, disk
centrifuge, nozzal discharge centrifuge.
Fluidisation :- Introduction to fluidisation, conditions for fluidisation, types of fluidisation, pneumatic conveying.
Unit - V :- Material and energy balance :-
Material balance :- Material balance without chemical reaction. Recycling and bypassing operations. Calculations based
on recycling and bypassing in extraction, distillation, evaporation, dying, absorption etc. Material balance
involving chemical reactions-recycling, parallel and bypassing operations - metallurgical applications.
Energy balance :- Sensible heat changes in liquids - heat capacity of gaseous mixtures and liquid mixturs. Latent heat.
Enthalpy changes for pure substance and mixture at ideal state. Combustion calculations, energy
balance for batch and continuous processes, reactive and non-reactive processes.
Reference Books :
1. Introduction to Chemical Engg. - W.Badger, J.Banchero, Mc.GrawHill Co.
2. Unit Operations of Chemical Engg. W.Mc. Cabe, J.Smith, Mc.GrawHill Co.
3. Chemical Engg. Vol - I & II, Coulson & Richardson, Pergamon Press.
4. Mass Transfer Operations, Robert Treybal, Mc.GrawHil Co.
5. Engg. Heat Transfer, C.P.Gupta, R.Prakash - Nomchnad & Bros. Roorke.
6. Fundaments of Engg. Heat & Mass Transfer, R.C.Sachieve, Wiley Ltd.
7. Process Heat Transfer. D.Q.Kern, Mc.Graw-Hill Co.
8. Stoichiometry, H.T.Bhatt, S.M.Vora, Tata Mc. Graw-Hill Co.
9. Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, R. Ronalds, John Wiley & sons.
10. Chemical Process Principles Vol-I Houghen, Waston, Asian Pub. House.
11. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engg. D.Himel, Prentice Hall.
12. Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Hand Book by Perry & Don-Green Mc.Graw-Hill Co. (for Membrane Seperation)
13. Chemical Engg. Coulson & Richardson. Vol. - 2 (for membrane separation)
14. Heat & Mass Transfer, O.P.Singh.
15. Principles of Unit Operations, Alan S. Foust, Wenzel, Clump.
16. Unit Operations Dr. Kale, Dr. Dixit.
17. Unit Operations, George Granger Brown. CBS Publishers & distributors.
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Reactor Dynamics and Process Control
Unit - I :- Chemical reaction engineering.
(a) Introduction, chemical kinetics, classification of reactions, reaction rate. Kinetics of homogeneous reactions -
Complex, reversible & autocatalytic.
(b) Catalysis - physical properties of catalyst, surface area, void volume, solid density pore volume distribution.
Mechanism of catalyst working in homogeneous catalysis. Industrial catalyst - preparation, properties, poisioning
of catalyst, promoters and inhibitors.
Unit - II :- Chemical reactors.
Classification of reactors - batch reactors, semi-batch reactors, CFSTER tubular reactors, reactors in series and
parallel, space time and space velocity, residence time in reactors. Heat effect in reactors. Interpretation of batch reactors -
constant volume batch reactors, first order reaction and second order reactions. Variable volume batch reators, zero order,
first order and second order reactions.
Unit - III :- Process control - Linear open-loop systems.
The Laplance transform, definition of transform, transform of simple functions - the step function, exponential function,
ramp function, sine function. Response of first order open-loop system - transform function, transient response - step function,
impulse function. step response, impulse response.
Unit - IV :- Process control - Linear closed loop systems.
Linear closed loop systems. Control system - introduction, Control system for a stirred tank heater, block diagrams,
negative feedback Vs. positive feedback. Stability of control system - concept of stability, off set calculations for P, PI, PD &
PID systems. Tuning of controller for open loop and closed loop system.
Unit - V :- Process control - Digital control system.
Linearisation of non-linear control system, study of advanced control systems like cascade control, ratio control, feed
forward control. Introductuin to DCS. Control of unit process, heat exchanger & distillation column and chemical reactor by
DCS. Introduction to basic concept of computer and working with window based programmes. Application of MATLAB in
process control.
Reference Books :
1. Chemical Reaction Engg - Octave Levenspiel, Wiley Estern Ltd.
2. Chemical Engg. Kinetics. J.M.Smith, Mc.Graw-Hill Book Co.
3. Chemical kinetics. S.K.Jain, Vishal publication, Jallander.
4. Reaction Engg. Through Solved Problems. G.M.Dande & S.M.Shrivastava.
5. Chemical Reactor Theory, Lenbigh & Turner, University of Cambridge.
6. Fundaments of Chemical Reaction Engg., Holland & Anthony.
7. Process Systems, Analysis and Control, Coughanowr and koppe, second ed.Mc.Graw-Hill book Co.
8. Chemical Process Control, George Stenphenopoulis, Prentice Hall.
9. Principles of Process Control, D.Patransbia, Mc.Graw-Hill book Co.
10. Process Control, Peter Harriot.
11. Process Control and Instrumentation, Considine Mc.Graw-Hill.
12. Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Hand Book, Robert H. Perry & Don. Green, Mc.Graw-Hill book Company.
13. Homogeneous Catalysis by M.M.Taqvi Khan & A.E.Martell Vol. I & II.
14. Chemical Reactions & Stoichiometry, By R.K.Dave.
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Paper - III
Advance Organic Chemistry and Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis
Unit - I :- Per cyclic reactions and organic photochemistry :
[A] Orbital symmetry and pericyclic reactions :
Concept of orbital symmetry, Woodward - Hoffmann rule, importance of pericyclic reaction, electrocyclic and cyclo-
addition reactions with correlation diagram, application of FMO method to pericyclic reaction, sigmatropic rearrangement.
[B] Organic photochemistry :
Principles of photochemistry, Jablonski diagram, photochemistry of carbonyl compounds, photorearrangement of
cyclohexadienones, photochemistry of olefins, Typical photoreactions : photoreduction, photoaddition, photooxidation.
Unit - II : Reactions & reagents :
[A] Reactions - principle, mechanism and synthetic uses of :
Stobbe condensation, Leuckart reaction, knoevenagel reaction, Mannich reaction, Perkin’s reaction, Reformatsky’s
reaction, Willgerodt reaction, Wolff-kisner reduction.
[B] Reagents - Mechanism and synthetic uses of :
Aluminium isopropoxide, N-Bromo succinimide, Lithium aluminium hydride, Aluminium t-butoxide, poly-phosphoric
acid, Lead tetraacetate, Sodium borohydride, Osmium tetroxide.
Unit - III :- Molecular rearrangement and aromaticity :
[A] Molecular Rearrangements :
* Types of rearrangement.
* Rearrangements to electron deficient carbon.
(i) Pinacol - Pinacolone rearrangement.
(ii) Wagner - Meerwein rearrangement.
* Rearrangements to electron deficient nitrogen.
(i) Hofmann rearrangement
(ii) Curtius rearrangement
* Rearrangements to electron deficient oxygen.
(i) Baeyer-Villiger reaction
(ii) Dakin reaction
* Rearrangements to electron rich atom
(i) stevens rearrangement
(ii) Wittig rearrangement
* Aromatic rearrangements.
(i) Orton rearrangement
(ii) Benzidine rearrangement
[B] Aromaticity :
* Concept of aromaticity
* Antiaromaticity
* Huckel’s rule and it’s applications to simple and non-benzenoid aromatic compounds.
* Rule of NMR spectroscopy in determination of aromatic character.
* Chemistry of Ferrocene, Azulene and Tropolone.
Unit - IV :- IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy.
Introduction to various sampling methods, elementary principles and instrumentation of IR, NMR and Mass spectros
copy. Their applications for structural elucidation of compounds.
Unit - V :- Thermal and Chromatographic analytical methods.
Theory, Instrumentation and applications of thermal methods like TGA & DTA, chromatographic methods like GC, LC
& HPLC and AAS for chemical analysis.
Reference Books :
1. Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds. J.R.Dyer.
2. Modern Methods of Chemical Analysis, Robert. L.Deesok and Donald shields.
3. Instrumental Methonds of Analysis, Willard and Dean. CBS.
4. Industrial Analysis, B.K.Sharma Goel publication.
5. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Scoog D.A. & West. P.M.NyHalt Reinhart, Winston.
6. Instrumental Methods of Chemicals Analysis, B.K.Sharma.
7. Organic Chemistry Vol. I & II : I.L. Finar.
8. Advanced Organic Chemistry : Jerry March.
9. Reaction Mechanism and Reagents in Organic Chemistry : Gurdeep R. Chatwal.
10. Organic Chemistry Reactions and Reagents : O.P. Agarwal.
11. Organic Chemistry, Morrison & Boyd.
12. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, P. S. Kalshi.
13. More Spectroscopic Problems in Organic Chemistry, Baker and Cairns.
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Paper - IV
Technology of petrochemicals & polymers and organometallics
Unit - I :- Petroleum refining processes.
Origin and formation of petroleum, composition of petroleum, important product properties and test methods. Gas,
gasoline, turbine fuels, napthas, kerosene, diesel etc.Distillation of petroleum - arrangements of towers - top tray reflux, pump
back reflux, pump around reflux. Vaccum distillation, atmospheric distillation, two stage distillation. Cracking - thermal
cracking, catalytic cracking, naphtha cracking etc.
Unit - II :- Production of specific hydrocabon derivatives.
Production of specific hydrocarbon derivatives with special emphasis on stoichiometry of reactions, energy
conservation, chemical engineering principles and environmental impacts by:
Halogenation :- Chlorination of methane, chloro-benzene from benzene.
Hydration :- Acetaldehyde from acetylene
Esterification :- Vinyl acetate from acetylene.
Alkylation :- Ethyl benzene and isopropyl benzene from benzene.
Hydrogenation :- Ethenol from synthesis gas.
Oxidation :- Maleic anhydride, fumaric acid from benzene or n-butene, phenol from cumene
Sulphonation :- Sulfolane from butadiene.
Nitration :- Nitrobenzene from benzene.
Dehydrogenation :- Butadiene from butene or butane.
Dealkylation :- Benzene from toluene.
Amination : Aniline from nitrobenzene. Current and future scenerio of Petrochemical industries in India.
Unit - III :- Polymer manufacture.
Polymerization processes, properties and applications of important polymers such as polyolefins, vinyls, acrylics,
polyamides, polyesters, polyurathanes, polycarbonates, polyethelene, polystyrene. Manufacture, curing and applications of
synthetic resins like alkyds, phenolics, amino & epoxy, fluro epoxy.
Unit - IV :- Polymers and processing :
Inorganic polymers - silicones etc., bio-polymers and other speciality polymers with special emphasis on their uses
as material of construction. Fundamental principles and applications of major polymer processing techniques - film casting,
compression moulding, injection moulding, blow moulding, extrusion moulding, thermoforming. Study of polymer degradation
and stabilisation. Present and future scenerio of polymer industries in India.
Unit - V :- Organometallics and their catalytic applications.
[A] Organometallic Compounds : Introduction to organometallic compounds. Classification of organic ligands according
to hapto numbers (nn). 18-electron rule. Concise study of organometallics of transition metals with one-electron donar
(n1-arkyl and n1-alkenyl), two electron donar (n2-ethane and n3-carbene), three electron donar (n3-allyl), four electron
donar (n4-butadiene, and n4-alkyne), five electron donar (n5-cyclopentadienyl and n5-pentadienyl), six electron donar
(n6-benzene), seven elctron donar (n7-cycloheptatrienyl) and eight electron donar (n8-cyclooctatetraene) ligands.
[B] Organometallic compounds of transition metals in catalytic synthesis (industrial) of organic compounds :-
Mode of action of transition metal complexes in catatysis. Hetrogeneous catalysis and Homogeneous catalysis.
Catalytic reactions and the 16/18 VE Rule.
Homogeneous catalytic synthesis of organic chemicals :
(1) Chemistry based on synthesis gas (CO + H2).
(a) Monsanto acetic acid synthesis
(b) Fischer - Tropsch synthesis
(c) Hydroformylation of unsaturated compound (OxO Reactions)
(2) Carbonylation reactions :
(a) Carbonylation of methanol and methyl acetate.
(b) Adipic ester synthesis
(3) Polymerization, oligomerization and metathesis of alkenes and alkynes :
(a) Zieglar - Natta polymerization of ethane
(b) Oligometization of butadiene
(c) Alkene and alkyne metathesis.
(4) Oxidation reactions :
(a) Olefin oxidation (Wacker process)
(b) Oxidative carbonylations.
Reference Books :
1. Chemistry and Technology of Basic Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis. Vol.I & II N.Lebedev, Mir Publishers.
2. The Petroleum Chemicals Industry, Goldstein and Woodland.
3. Fundamentals of Petroleum Chemicals Technology, P.Belvov, Mir Publishers.
4. Properties of Polymers, D.W.Krenvelen.
5. Physical Chemistry of Polymers, A. Tagore.
6. Technology and Applications of Resins. D.G.Soni.
7. Polymer Science, Gowarikar.
8. Polymer Technology, L.C.Miles, J.P.Priston, Chemical Publishing Co.
9. Advances In Petroleum Chemistry and Refining Vol.3 & 4 Intersciene Publications Inc. Newyork.
10. Fundamentals of Petroleum Chemical Technology By P.Belvov Mir Publiser.
11. Chemicals from Petroleum By A.L.Wrdams, ELBS.
12. Plastics, By J.H.Dobils and F.W.John, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
13. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry : P.Powell; Champmann and Hall
14. Organometallics, Ch. Elschenbroich, A.Salver VCH.
15. Organometallic Chemistry, R.C.Mabrotre, A.Singh - Wiley Eastern Ltd.
16. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Cotton & Wilkinson John Wiley & sons.
17. Modern Aspects of Inorganic chemistry Emeleus and sharp - Universal Books stall.
18. Organometallics Vol I & II : Manford Bochmann, Oxford University Press.
19. Modern Petroleum Refining processes, B.K.Bhaskar Rao. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
20. Text Book of Petroleum Refining, Ramprasad.
21. Petrochemicals - Bhaskar Rao, Khanna Publication.
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Master of Science (Part- 1)
Practical – Syllabus
Practicals of Group - I : Organic Chemistry
Practicals :- 50 marks
1. Separation and identifaction of organic mixtures containing three components :-
[A] Solid mixtures (water insoluble components).
(i) Acid, Base, Neutral
(ii) Acid, Phenol, Neutral
(iii) Phenol, Base, Neutral
(iv) Acid, Phenol, Base.
[B] Solid mixtures (with soluble components)
(i) Acid, water soluble phenol, Base or Neutral.
(ii) Acid, water soluble Neutral, Phenol or Base.
(iii) Phenol, water soluble Acid, Base or Neutral.
[C] Liquid mixtures. All the three components neutral (to be separated by distillation method only)
N.B. :- Minimum eight mixtures should be done (At least one type from each group)
2. Organic estimations :
(i) Equivatent weight of an acid by standard alkai.
(ii) Estimation of - NO2 group by SnCl2 reduction method.
(iii) Estimation of gammexene.
(iv) Estimation of amino acid.
(v) Estimation of acetone by sodium hypoiodite method.
(vi) Estimation of enol group.
(vii) Estimation of cane sugar.
3. Preparations :
Minimun eight preparations should be done.
(i) O-Chlorobenzoic acid from antranilic acid.
(ii) Phenyl acetate from phenol.
(iii) Methyl orange from sulphanilic acid.
(iv) Benzanilide from aniline.
(v) P-Iodonitrobenzene from p-nitro aniline.
(vi) D.D.T. from chlorobenzene.
(vii) P-Dichlorobenzene from parachloroaniline.
(viii) Acetanilide from acetophenone.
(ix) Aniline from nitrobenzene.
(x) N-phenyl anthranilic acid from o-chlorobenzoic acid.
(xi) Benzoic acid from toluene.
(xii) P-Nitro phenyl hydrazine from p-nitroaniline.
(xiii) P-Bromoaniline from acetanilide.
(xiv) P-Bromonitrobensene from bromobenzene.
(xv) Dibenzalacetone from benzaldehyde.
Reference Books :-
(1) Elementary practical organic chemistry, A.I. Vogel.
(2) Practical organic chemistry, Mann & Saunders.
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Practicals of Group - II : Physical Chemistry and General Practicals : 50 marks
Potentiometer :-
(1) Determination of glucose by potentiometric method.
(2) Study of dissociation constant of di-basic acid by potentiometric method.
(3) Potentiometrical determination of the degree of hydrolysis of aniline hydrochloride in three dilutions and hence the
hydrolysis constant of the salt.
(4) Determination of PH of the buffer solution using a quinhydrone electrode.
Conductormeter :-
(5) Determination of the concentration of ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide in a given mixture by
conductometric method.
(6) Determination of dissociation constant of acetic acid, mono chloro-acetic acid by conductometric method.
(7) Determination of equivatent conductance of the solutions of different concentrations of acetic acid and hence test the
validity of Ostwald dilution law and determination of dissociation constant of acetic acid.
PH-meter :-
(8) Determination of the PH of the mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate and hence the dissociation constant of the
acid.
(9) Determination of the amount of aspirin in a given solution.
Spectrophotometer :-
(10) Study of the complex formation of Nickel and orthophenathrolin.
(11) Spectrophotometric determination of PK-value of an indicator - methyl red.
Colorimeter :-
(12) Conductometric determination of phosphate concentration in a soft drink.
(13) Determination of thermal conductivity of rubber tubing.
(14) Study of the application of Beer’s law in the different concentrations of NiCl2×6H2O, COCl2×6H2O, KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7.
Polarimeter:
(15) Polarimetrical determination of the percentage of two optically active substances in a given solution.(e.g. d.sucrose +
d-tartaric acid).
(16) Study of the influence of a solvent on the optical rotation of camphor (solutions in benzene, carbon tetrachloride and
acetone).
Refractometer:-
(17) Study of the variation of refractive index with composition for mixtures of CCl4 and CH3COOC2H5.
(18) Determination of molar refractions of CH3COOC2H5, CH3COOC3H7 and CH3COOC4H10 and so the constancy of
refraction equivalent of -CH2 group.
Stalagnometer:-
(19) Determination of the concentration of a given sample using stalagnometer.
(20) Compare cleansing powers of two samples of a detergent.
Kinetics:-
(21) Study of the kinetics of reactions between K2S2O8 and KI.
General:-
(22) Determination of purity of commercial lime.
(23) Determination of concentration of oil and grease in the given sample.
(24) Determination of molecular weight of the given sample by steam distillation.
(25) Determination of the equilibrium constant of the reaction KI + I2 ® KI3 by distribution method.
(26) Synthesis of epoxy resin.
(27) Determination of the epoxide equivalent of the given epoxy resin by the pyridium chloride method.
(28) Synthesis of Urea/Phenol formaldehyde resin.
(29) Determine the molecular weight of a high polymer, say polystyrene from viscosity measurements.
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Practicals of Group - II - Chemical Engineering
Practicals : 50 marks
1. Verification of Bernoulli’s theorem.
2. Verification of Rayleigh’s equation for simple distillation.
3. Study of the friction factor for a pipe in the Laminar fluild-flow region.
4. Find the thermal conductivity of composite walls.
5. Study of the heat transfer co-efficient for forced convection.
6. Find the thermal conducctivity of a given insulating powder.
7. Find the efficiency of shell and tube heat exchanger.
8. Study of the heat transfer characteristics of an agitated vessel.
9. Determination of mass transfer co-efficient by taking the example of CO2 and water.
10. Determination of over-all heat transfer co-efficient for a batch reactor without stirring.
11. Determination of the order of reation of the esterification between ethyl acetate and NaOH by defferential method.
12. Determination of activation energy by using Arrhenius theory.
13. By taking the example of acetic acid and water find out the number of stages/ percentage recovery by L-L extraction
and draw the solubility curves for it.
14. Find out the efficiency of buble-cap distillation column.
15. Study of the adsorption of acetic acid on charcoal for varifying the Frendlich’s isotherm.
16. Study of the tie-line data by taking the example of acetic acid and water.
17. Determination of rate constant for the esterification.
18. Study of the drying curves of batch drying.
19. Determination of diffusivity of CCl4 in air.
20. Determination of terminal velocity of solid particles.
21. Determination of the amount of heat of mixing for acetic acid and acetic anhydride.
22. Determination of time-constant for an interacting system.
23. Determination of time-constant for a non-interacting liquid level system.
24. Find out the percentage recovery of acetone from a given mixture of acetone and water by using slout-out method.
25. Determination of amount of heat of mixing for acetic acid and acetic andydride.
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PHYSICS PAPER - 1 MATHEMATICAL METHODS
UNIT - 1 20 Marks.
(a) Functions of a Complex Variable :
(1) Introduction (2) Analysis function (3) Contour Integrals (4) Laurent Series (5) Residue Theorem (6) Methods of
finding Residues (7) Evaluation of Definition Integrals by use of the residue theorem (8) The Pointor Infinity Residue of
Infinity (9) Mapping (10) Some Applications of Conformal Mapping.
(b) Integral Transforms :
(1) Introduction (2) The Laplace Transforms (3) Solution of Differential Equations by Laplace Transforms (4) Fouries trans-
forms (5) Convolution Parserval's Theorem (6) Inverse Laplace transforms (Bromwith Integral) (7) The Direct Delta function
(8) Green Functions.
Text Book for (a) and (b) : Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences.
UNIT - 2 20 Marks.
(a) Group Theory :
(1) Group, Sub-group, classes. (2) Invariant sub-group, Factor groups (3) Homomorphism and Isomorphism (4) Group,
Representation (5) Reducible & Irreducible Representtation. (6) Schur's Lemmas, Orthoganality theorem (7) Character of
Representation character Tables (8) Decomposing a Reducible Representation into Irreducible ones (9) Construction of
Representation (10) Representation of group and Quantum Mechanics (11) Lie group and Lie Algebra (12) The three dimen
sional Rotation grop So(3). (13) The special unitary groups SU (3) and (2) and SU (14) The Irreducible Representation of
SU (2) (14-b) The Generators of Unitary groups (14-c) The Group SU (3), SU (2), (14-d) some application of group theory
in Physics.
Text Book for (a) Mathematical Physics (second Reprint) Chapter-3 by P.K. Chattopadhyay. Pubsher : wiley Estern Ltd.
New Delhi.
(b) Tensor Analysis :
(1) Introduction definition (2) Contraction Direct Product (3) Quotient Rule (4) Preudo Tensor, Dual Tensors (5) Dyadics
(6) Theory of Elasticity (7) Lorentz Covariance of Maxwell's Equations (8) Noncortesian Tensors, Covariant Differentiation
(9) Tensor Differential Orerators.
Text Book for (b) Mathematical methods for physicists (third Edition) Chapter-3 by Geoge Arfken. Publishers : Academic
Inc. London.
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING :
UNIT - 3 20 Marks.
(a) Overview of C :
(1) Introduction (2) Importance of C. (3) Sample C Programs (4) Basic structure of C program (5) Programming style (6)
Executing a "C" programe (7) Points to remember.
(b) Constant, Variable and Data Typess :
(1) Introduction (2) Character set (3) C tokens (4) Constant (5) Keywords and Identifiers (6) Variables (7) Data types (8)
Declaration of Variables (9) Assignment value to Variable (10) Defining Symbolic Constant.
(c) Operators and Expression :
(1) Introduction (2) Arithmatic Operators (3) Relational Operators (4) Logical Operators (5) Assignment Operators (6) Incre
ment and Decrement operators (7) Conditional Operators (8) Bitwise Operators (9) Special operators (10) Arithmatic
Expression (11) Evaluation of Expressions. (12) Procedure of Arithmatic Operators (13) Some Conceptional problems.
(14) Type conversions in Expression (15) Operators Procedence and Associativity (16) Mathematics fucntion,case
studies.
(d) Managing Input and Output Operation :
(1) Introduction (2) Reading a character (3) Writing a character (4) Formatted Input (5) Formatted case Studies.
Text Book for a,b,c, and d of unit - iii : Programming in C by E Balagurswamy Chapter -1 to 4 Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co. New Delhi.
QUANTUM MACHINE :
UNIT - 4 20 Marks.
(a) Approxination Methods for Stationary States :
Pertubation Theory for Discrate Levels : (1) Equations in various orders of Perturbation thoery (2) The Non-Degenrate
case (3) The Degenerated case-Removal of Degeneracy (4) The Effect of an Electric Field on the Energy Levels of an
atom (Stack Effect) (5) Two-Electron Atoms. the Variation method : (6) Upper bound on Ground state Energy (7) appli-
cation to Excited states (8) Trial function linear in variational Parmeters (9) Hydrogen molecule (10) Exchange Interaction
(11) The One-Dimensional Schroedinger Equation (12) The Bohr-Sommerfeild Guantum Condition (13) WBK Solution of
the Radial wave equation.
(b) Scattering Theory :
The Scattering Cross - section; General considerations : (1) Kinematics of Scattering process, Differential and Total
cross-sectional (2) Wave Mechenical Picture Expression for Scattering Amplitude (3) Green's functions formal expression
for scattering Amplitude. : The born and Eikonal Approximation (4) the born Approximation (5) Validity of the Born
A pproxomation (6) the Series. (7) The Eikonal Approximation.
UNIT - 5. 20 Marks.
(a) Partial Wave Analysis :
Phase shifts (1) The Scattering apmlitude in terms of phase shifts (2) the differential and total cross-sections : Optical
theorem (3) Phase shifts : Relation to the potential (4) Potential of Finite Range (5) Low Energy. scattering. Exactly
soluble problems : (6) Scattering by a coulomb potential, Mutual scattering of two particles : (7) Reduction of the two-
body problems, the center of the Mass Frames (8) transformation from center of Mass to Laboratory Frame of Reference
(9) Collisions between identical particles.
(b) Evolution with Time : Exact Formal Solution : Propagators :
(1) The Schroedinger Equation : General solution (2) Propagators (3) Radiation of Retarded propagator to Green's function
of time Independent Schroedinger Equation (4) Alteration of Hamiltonian :
Perturbation Theory of time evolution Problem :
(1) Persuasive solution for transition amplitude (2) Selection Rules (3) First order transition : Constant Perturbation (4)
Scattering of a Particle by a Potential (5) Inelastic Scattering : Exchange Effects.
Alternative Picture of time Evolution :
(1) the Schrodinger picture : transformation to other picture (2) The Heidelberg picture .
Text Book for Unit IV & V : A Text Book of quantum Mechanics by Mathews and Venkatesan. (chapter-5, 6 & 9) Tata
McGraw-Hill Co. Ltd.
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PHYSICS PAPER - 2
CLASSICAL MECHANICS :
UNIT - 1 20 Marks .
(a) Canomical Transformations and the Hamilton - Jacobi theory :
(1) Gauge Transformation (2) Canomical Transformation. (3) Condition for transformation to be canomical (4) illustration
of canomical transformation (5) Poisson Brackets (6) Canomical Equations in terms of poisson Brackets Notation (7)
Infinitesimal transformation (8) Relation between Infinitesimal Transformation and Poisson Bracket (9) The Hamilton -
Jacobi equations (10) Separation of Variables.
(b) Theory of small Oscillations Special Theory of Relativity :
(1) General Case of coupled Oscillations (2) Eigen vectors and Eigen Frequencies (3) The Orthoganility of Eigen vectors
(4) Normal co-ordinates. (5) Small - Oscillations of particals on string. (6) Space- Time or minkoski four- Dimensional
Continum (7) Fe |