Objectives :
This course plan focuses on the emergence of women's movements and women's studies in the context
of feminist thought and critiques of sociological theories of social methodologies. The objective is to trace the evolution of gender as a category of social analysis in the late twentieth century. Major debates that have emerged are also outlined. The format provides for a comparative perspective in so far as the first part encompasses the developed and the developing countries while the second part revolves around issues concerning Indian women. It is hoped that exposure to the course will lead to a better understanding of the social phenomena.
(A) Social Construction of Gender :
Gender vs. Biology, Equality vs. Difference
Women in the family : socialization, nature vs. Gender, gender roles, private -
public dichotomy, sexual
division of labour.
(B) Emergence of feminist Thought :
Socio-historical perspective
Mapping various women's movements
(C) Gender and sociological Analysis :
Feminist critiques of sociological theories/prevailing theories
Feminist methodology as critique sociological methods/methodology
Emergence of women's studies.
(D) Gender based Division of labour/work :
Production vs. Reproduction, household work, invisible work
women's work and technology
Development policies, liberalization and globalization and their impact on women.
Development and women's Empowerment :
Part-II
(E) Women in India; The changing profile :
The changing status of women in India - pre-colonial, and post-colonial
Demographic profile - the gaender gap (census, NSS)
Alternative conceptions of gender - caste and gender; class and gender
The role of the state and the NGOs.
(F) Gender and society in India :
Economy : marginalization of women and sexual division of labour.
Polity : Reservations for women.
Religion and Culture : women's nature as repositories of cultural practices and
traditions; marriage, dowry
and property.
Personal Laws and Civil Code : Hindu code Bill, Syrian Christian law, Muslim
personal law; Customary Law
and Tribal women.
(G) Issues affecting the quality of life women :
Health
Education
Land rights
(H) Major social Issues :
Development
Ecology
Communalism
Domestic Violence
(I) Essential readings :
Altekar A.S. 1983. The position of women in Hindu civilization. Delhi : Motilal
Banarasidass, second Edition:
P. Fifth reprint.
Chodrow, Nancy, 1978. The Reproduction of Mothering. Berkeley : University of California press.
Desai, Nancy, 1978. The Reproduction of Mothering. Berkeley : University of California Press.
Desai, Neeraand M. Krishnaraj. 1987. Women and society in India. Delhi : Ananta.
Desai, Neera and M.
Krishnaraj. 1987. Women and society
in Insia.
Dube, Leela et. al. (eds.) 1986. Visibility and Power. Essays on Women in
Society and Development. New
Delhi : OUP.
Forbes, G. 1998. Women in Modern India. New Delhi, Cambridge University Press.
India, Government of India 1974, Towards Equality : Report of the Committee on the Status of Women.
Maccoby, Eleaner and Carol Jacklin. 1975. The Psychology of Sex Differences. Stanford
:Stanford
University Press.
McCormack, C. And M. strathern (ed.) 1980. Nature, Culture and Gender.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Myers, Kristen Anderson et. al. (eds.) 1998. Feminist Foundations : Towards
Transforming Sociology. New
Delhi : Sage.
Oakley, Ann. 1972. Sex, Gender and Society. New York : Harper and Row.
Sharma, Ursula. 1983. Women, Work and Property in North-west India. London: Tavistock.
Shulamitz, Reinharz and Lynn Davidman. 1991. Feminist Research Methods. New York
: Oxford University
Press.
Srinivas, M.N. Caste :Its Modern Avatar, New Delhi : Penguin (Leela Dube's Article on Caste and Women).
Vaid, S & K. Sangari. 1989. Recasting Women : Essays in Colonial History, New Delhi : Kali For women.
References :
Agarwal, B. 1994. A Field of One's Own : Gender and Land Rights in south Asia, Cambridge University Press
Chanana, Karuna. 1988 Socialization, Women and Education : Explorations in Gender identity, New Delhi :
Orient Longman.
Dube, Leela. 1997. Women and Krinship: Comparative Perspectives on Gender in
South and South-East
Asia. Tokyo : United Nations
University Press.
Gandhi, N. and N. Shah. 1992, The issues at Stake : Theory and Practice in the contemporary
women's
movement in India. New Delhi : Kali
for women.
Mies Maria. 1980. Indian Women and Patriarchy : Conflicts and Dilemmas of Students and Working women.
New Delhi : Concept.
Omvedt, Gail. 1975. 'Caste, Class and Women's Literation in India,' Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars.7
Pardeshi, Pratima. 1998. Dr.Ambedkar and the Question of Women's Liberation in
India. Pune : WSC,
University of Pune.
Tong, Rosemarie, 1989. Feminist Thought : A Comprehensive Introduction. Colarodo : Westview Press.
Whelham, Imelda. 1997. Modern Feminist Thought. Edinburgh : Edingurgu University Press.
Pedagogy :
Gender is a category of social analysis and is not just a women's question. It should be treated as participatory movement to make the world a better place to live in. Male students should be encouraged to take the course. It should encourage students to reflect. It should be emphasize that feminism is about power as other discourses on power.
Examples from the Indian context should be given from all religious communities, regions, cultures and classes to highlight the position of women under them also to focus on diversity and difference.
A paper written by students on how this course has impacted on their way of comprehending social reality will go a long way in communicating the main thrust of this course.
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Objectives :
The agrarian structure and development in India are the two principal source of approach to study of the rural society in India. This course plan emerges as a basis for developing a sociological skill on peasant and social structure.
To Provide sociological understanding of rural social structure, change and development in India.
To impact sociological skill to reconstruction rural development programme to plan, monitor and evaluate rural development programmes.
To acquaint students with the prevailing two approaches to the study of rural society: Rural community and peasantry.
Rural Society in India
(A) Review of Rural social Development in India :
- Rural sociology
- Meaning and scope of Rural sociology
- Important of rural sociology in India
(B) Indian agrarian society :
- Meaning, characteristics
(C) Caste system in agrarian society :
- Function / dysfunction of caste in rural society
- Jajmani system, un touchability
- Dominat caste
- Inter caste conflict
(D) Family system in agrarian society :
- Meaning, characteristics
- Familism, characteristics
- Inter relationship between family and caste, economy
- Changing in Rural family
(E) Economy in agrarian India :
- Nature of Traditional Rural Economy
- Inter of traditional rural economy
- Impact of colonial rural on rural economy
- Class structure in rural economy
- Tenancy lands and labour
- Changes in agrarian economy
- Factors of changes in agrarian economy
(F) Religion in agrarian India :
- Rural religion meaning
- Dimension of rural religion
- Rural religion - Importance - function
(G) Education in Rural India :
- Characteristics of traditional rural education
- Impact of education on rural society
(H) Rural Leadership :
- Meaning, characteristics
- Determinants of rural leadership
- Types of rural leadership
- Panchayati raj - structure, function, disjunction
- Impact of panchayati raj in rural society
(I) Social change in Indian agrarian society :
- Major agrarian moments in India
- Factor of changes in agrarian society
- Social change in rural society
- Globalization and its impacts on agriculture
- Community development programmes and changes in rural society.
Essential Readings :
1. Berch, Berberogue, Ed. 1992 : class and development in India 1,2,3 and 4 chapters Sage, New Delhi.
2.
Desai A.R. 1977. Rural Society in India, Popular Prakashan, Bomabay. Menchaer
J.P. 1983 : Social
Anthropology of Peasantry Part III, OUP.
3. P. Radhakrishnan, 1989 : Peasant Struggles : Land reforms and social change in Malabar 1836 - 1982.
Sage publications : New Delhi.
4. Thorner, Daniel and Thorner Alice 1962 Land and Labour in India, Asia Publications, Bombay.
5. Andre Betille 1974 Six Essays in Comparative Sociology, OUP, New Delhi. (Relevant chapters)
6. Dhanagare D.N. 1988 : Peasant Movements in India, OUP, New Delhi.
7. Ashish Nandy 1999. Ambiguous Journey to the city, New Delhi : OUP.
Reference :
Research and review articles as appearing in standard national and international journals and the current published monographs and books on thematic lines may be relid upon.
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Pedagogy :
The classroom teaching should be reinforced with the field visit and the presentation of case experiences in a monthly seminar, The teachers should make full use of the available friend report on rural sociology in India as published by the ICSSR in its Survey Research in Sociology and Anthropology.
Objectives :
Industrial Revolution and consequent transformation of mode of production brought out dramatic and traumatic changes in the traditional feudal structure of the societies in Europe through the emergence of capitalism. The changes that were brought by these events which have had far-reaching effects on the economic and social systems of these societies that they commanded attention of thinkers. That gave rise to the discipline of Sociology. Different thinkers viewed the societal changes from different perspectives, presented their distinct analysis, casual and otherwise of these changes made efforts to highlight the different feature of the emerging modern industrial capitalist society and also attempted to predict the future or this society. Some of them engaged their attention on the issues related to development of sociology as a science. They laid down the theoretical foundations of sociology on which edifice of modern sociological theories is erected. Besides, they also tried to analyze and interpret other sociological issues such as education power structures, religion and like. Among these sociological issues such as education power structures, religion and interpret other sociological thinkers prominent are Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and Vilfredo pareto.
Acquaintance with the writings of these four thinkers would equip the students with theoretical insights to know, analyze and interpret the social scenario around and would also familiarize them with the different sociological perspective and theories. While teaching, emphasis should be on critical analysis of the writing of these four thinkers.
(A) Historical Soci-Economic, background of emergence of sociology :
- Traditional feudal economy and social structure
- Impact of industrial revolution and of new mode of production on society and economy
- The emergence of capitalistic mode of production - Nature and features of capitalism
- The enlightenment and its impact on thinking and reasoning.
(B) Karl Marx :
Marx's theory social change :
- Marxian Dialectical materialism as a philosophical perspective of change and its laws.
- Materialistic interpretation of history : As a perspective
of explaining transformation of human society
through different stages. Economic determinism. Mode of production and social
structure. Basic
structure and super structure.
- Mars's analysis of emergence and development of capitalism
in terms of laws of increasing
accumulation and concentration of capital and of increasing misery. Concepts of
surplus value and
exploitation.
- Emergence of classes and class conflict. Proletariat
revolution and future of capitalism. Classless
society.
- Alienation in the capitalist - Factors responsible for alienation and its social implications.
- Views on political power. The state in relation to social
classes. Future of the State after proletariat
revolution.
- Theory of ideology - Ideology as a part of super structure. Three views with ragard to ideology.
(C) Emile Durkheim :
- Intellectual background. His preoccupation with the order
and disintegration of society. Social
disintegration as a legacy of industrial revolution. Increasing division of
labour in the capitalist society.
Mechanical and Organic solidarities. Explanation of increasing division of
labour. Pathological forms of
division of labour.
- Theory of suicide : Review of earlier theories of suicide.
Suicide rate. His distinctive sociological
approach. Types of suicide. Problem of integration of the individual with
society.
- Theory of Religion : Earlier theories of the emergence and
role of religion structure of religion sacred
and profane source of sacredness of the sacred things as symbols of ultimate
values. society as a
supreme God. Religious rituals their types, social role of religious beliefs and
rituals.
- Of ultimate values. Society as a supreme God. Religious
rituals their types, social role of religious
beliefs and rituals.
- Contribution to the methodology of sociology - sociology as
a science - concept of social facts -
sociologist.
(D) Max Weber :
- Theory of social action - social actions. Intellectual
background. Analysis of modern capitalism. Views
on the role of ideas and values in social changes with reference to the
relationship between
protestant ethic and emergence of capitalism.
- Theory of Authority - Authority and power - Types of
authority and based of their legitimacy - Their
distinctive features, methods of administration and modes of in heritance.
- Theory of Bureaucracy. Capitalism and growing rationalism
and emergence of modern bureaucracy, His
model of bureaucracy. Relationship between political leaders and
bureaucracy.
- Concepts of status, class and power :
Contribution to the methodology of social science - Distinctive nature of social
realities because of
meanings attached - sociology as an interpretative science concepts of verstehen
and ideal types.
(E) Vilfredo Pareto :
- Intellectual background
- Contribution to the methodology - his logico - experimental method
- Classification of logical and non logical actions
- Explanation of non-logical actions in terms his theory of Residues and Derivatives.
- Classification of Residues and Derivations.
- Theory of social change - Elites and masses. Types of elities, their classification, circulation of Elites.
Essential readings :
1. Parsons Talcott 1937 - 1949 The structure of social action, Vol. I & II. McGraw-Hill, New York.
2. Nisbet 1966 - The Sociological Tradition. Heinemann Educational Books Ltd., London.
3. Zeitlin Irvin 1981 - Ideology and the Development sociological theory, Prentice Hall.
4. Dahrendorf, Ralph 1959 - Class and Class conflict in an industrial society. Stanford university press.
5. Bendix, Rinehard 1960 - Max Weber, An Intellectual Porttait (For Weber) Double Day.
6. Popper Karl 1945 - Open society and its Enemies. Routedge, London.
7.
Aron, Reymond 1965 - 1967 : Main Currents in Sociological thought, Vol. I and
II, Penguin, Chapters on
Marx, Durkheim and Weber.
8. Coser, L.A. 1977 : Masters of sociological Thought, New York : Harcourt Brace, pp. 43-87,129-174,217-260.
9.
Giddens, Anthony 1997 : Capitalism and Modern Social Theory - An Analysis of
Writings of Marx, Durkheim
and Weber, Cambridge University Press,
Whole Book.
10. Hughes, John A., Martin, Pater, J. and Sharrock, W.W. 1995 : Understanding Classical Socieology - Marx,
Weber and Durkheim, London : Sage Publications, Whole Book.
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Objectives :
Urban society differentiating itself from rural society is yet another dimension of part society. The issues require to be dealt with sociological skills to analyze and to diagnose the urban question in India. The planning of solutions of urban question and also urban question in India. The planning of solutions of urban question and also urban development need to be looked into from the point of view of sociological principles limited to the part society. i.e. urban society in India.
With the basic background of Urban sociology - A determined Sub discipline of traditional sociology v- the student has to be sensitized on Urban dimensions of society, its social structure and social process in India.
Urban Society in India
(A) Urban Sociology :
- Definition - meaning
- Subject Matter
- Classical Sociological traditions as Urban and city dimensions.
(B) Urban Society :
- Definition, meaning, characteristics
- Rurlization
(C) Approaches and theories of Urban Society :
- Urbanization - Disorganization Approach
- Theory concentric zone theory Burges
- Value orientation Approach
- Folk urban continuum robert redeseld
(D) Classification of Urban Society :
- Demographical classification
- Function
- The pre industrial city
- Industrial city
- The post Industrial city
(E) Urbanization :
- Meaning, definition
- Over urbanization
- Migration and Urbanization, migration and distant
- Causes of Migration
- Urbanization and Industialation
(F) Urban Society and social Institutions :
- Marriage
- Family system
- Urban society and social structure
- Caste system
- Class system
- Urban society and Religion
- Social control system
(G) Urban society and social Problems :
- Crime
- Group conflict
- Juvenile delinquency
- Pollution
- Begging
- Anti social group
- Prostitution
- Phychosis
- Slums
- Untouchability
(H) Urban Planning :
- Meaning of Urban Planning gold
- Importance of Urban planning
- Role of sociologies in Urban Planning
- History of Urban planning in India
- Urban planning and activates
Essential readings :
1. Quinn J.A. 1955, Urban sociology, S. Chand & Vo., New Delhi.
2. Pick wance C.G. (ed) 1976, Urban Sociology : Critical Essays, Methuen
3. Saunders peter 1981, Social Theory and Urban Question, Hutchionson.
4. Bose Ashish 1978, Studies in India Urbanisation 1901 - 1971, Tata McGraw-Hill.
5. Abrahimson M. 1976 Urban Sociology, Englewoot, Prentice Hall.
6. Ronnan, Paddison, 2001 : Handbook of Urban Studie. Sage : India.
7. Bharadwaj, R.K. 1874 : Urban Development in India. National Publishing House.
8. Gold, Harry, 1982 : Sociology of Urban Life. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff.
9. Colling Worth, J.B. 1972 Problems of Urban Society Vol. 2, Geprge and Unwin Ltd.
Reference :
1. Alfred de Souza 1979. The Indian City : Poverty, ecology and urban development. Manohar, Delhi.
2. Desai A.R. and Pillai S.D. (ed) 1970 Slums and Urbanisation, Popular Prakashan, Bombay.
3. Castells M. 1977 : The Urban Question, Edward Arnold, London.
4. Ramchandran R. 1991. Urbanisation and Urban systems in India. OUP, Delhi.
5. Ellin Nan 1996 Post Modern Urbanism, Oxford UK.
6. Edward W. Soja 2000 Post Metropolis; Critical Studies of cites and regions. Oxford Blackwell.
7. Fawa F. Sylvia, 1968 : New Urbinism in Word Perspectives - a Reader. T.Y. Cowell, New York.
Pedagogy :
The students who are to be exposed to the urban dimensions of society need to be sensitized towards the classical tradition of question, Chicago school approach and also of the demographic aspects of urban issues. Survey and case studies of Urban problems with a monthly seminars shall be basic pedagogy.
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Objectives :
To understand the influence of population on social phenomena.
To acquaint students with the demographic features and trends of Indian society
Vis-a-Vis World population.
To appreciate population control in terms of social needs.
To appreciate population control measure and their implementation.
Broad outlines for framing syllabus :
Population size of often considered a crucial variable in appreciating social issues. The problems of developing societies are attributed to their population size. These views demands a proper academic and objective understanding of the dynamic of population.
Unit - 1
A. Definition, nature and scope of social demography.
B. Need of population studies in India.
C. Major sources of social demographic studies, there uses and limitations.
1. Census
2. Vital Registration system
3. Special surveys
Unit - 2 Population theories :
A. Nature Law theories of population. (Malthus)
B. Be social theory of population of Karl Marx.
C. Theory of demographic transition.
D. Optimum theory of population.
Unit - 3
A. Basic Demographic Concepts :
Birth Rate, Live birth, Still birth, reproductive age group, Death Rate,
Expectancy of life at birth, Sex ratio
infant mortality rate, Population Control
family planning, family welfare small family norms spacing, Eligible
couples.
B.
Meaning of fertility and Differential fertility factors affecting fertility,
factors affecting fertility. eg. Age at
marriage, Levels of Economic
development.
C. Mortality - causes of death and infant mortality.
D. Migration - types and causes of migration.
Unit - 4 India's Population Problems : their causes and remedies :
A.
Quantitative Problems : eg, over population, Higher Dependency Ratio, Density of
Population, Migration,
Urbanization.
B.
Qualitative Problems : eg, Poverty, unemployment low standard of living illiteracy,
food and Nutrition, Slums,
increasing in I diseased, crime prostitutes,
beggar, housing shortages.
Unit - 5 Reproductive help women :
A. Historical Review of family Planning Programme.
B. Meaning and need of family planning
C. Factor Hindering family planning Programme in India.
D. Methods of family planning.
E.
India's Population policy - Role of Government and Non - Government (Voluntary)
agencies in family planning
programme.
Essential Readings :
Census of India Reports :
1.
Finkle, Jason L and C Ali McIntosh (Ed) The New Policies of Population. New York
: The Population Council,
1994.
2.
Hatcher Robert et al the essential of contraceptive technology Baltimere : John
Hopkins School of public
health, 1997.
3. Bose, Asish : Demographic Diversity of India Delhi : B.R. Publishing Corporation, 1991.
4. Premi, M.K. et. al. An Introduction to social Demography Delhi : Vikas Publishing House, 1983.
5. Rajendra Sharma : Demography and population problems New Delhi : Atlantic Publisher, 1997.
6. Srivastava, O.S. Demography and population studies New Delhi : Vikas Publishing House, 1994.
7.
Chandrashekhar, S. (Ed.) Infant Mortality, Population Growth and family planning
in India London : George
Allen & Unwin Ltd. 1974.
Pedagogy :
Study of census report and writing a brief on the census report studies.
Use of OHP in projecting the diagrammatic representation of demographic features
for comparison and
understanding. Alternatively 35 mm colour slides may be prepared and shown for a
graphic understanding
of the features. Arranging film show
on population with films borrowed from films division of the GOI / State
Government.
Demonstration of birth control devices and discussing pros and cons of their use.
Conducting a survey on a small community of the people's reaction to the family welfare programme.
Group discussion with members of the family welfare organizations.
Reference Books :
1. Agrawala S.N. - India's Population Problems., Bombay : Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. Mamoria C.B. - India's Population Problems.
3. Bhede & T.Kanitkar - 'Principal of Population.'
4. K.Shrinivasan & S. Mukerji - Dynamics of population on and family - welfare.
5. Rao, Kamala Gopal - 'Studies in family planning : india, New Delhi, Abhinav publication, 1974.
6. Ashish Bose and other : Population in India's Development : 1947, 20 Delhi, Vikas, 1974.
7. Hereley, George. W. : Techniques of population Analysis London. John Wiley and sons. Inc, 1958.
8.
Coale, Ansley J. and Ednar M. Hoover : Population Growth and Economic
Development in low income
countries. Prinction, Princeton -
University Press, 1958.
9. Dadekar kumudini : In Defence of compulsory sterilization Economic and political weekly. Vol. 11 No. 21,
May 22, 1976.
10. Ford, Thomas R. and ardon E. Dejone : Social Demography : New Jersey, Prentice Hall Inc, 1970.
11. Houser Philip M. (Ed.) The Population Dilemma : New Jersey : Prentice Hall Inc. 1963.
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